local beliefs spiced by biblical apocalyptic (Landes 2011: 91–121). During the late 1980s, the millenarian Holy Spirit Movement in Uganda, led by the prophet Alice Lakwena, won surprising victories against government forces before being crushed in a battle in the Begembe Forest (countrystudies.us/uganda/32.htm). Resistance movements in the Philippines during the late nineteenth century were inspired by apocalyptic hopes, as the Taiping movement in China fused traditional spirituality with Christian